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标题: 魔方1980 [打印本页]

作者: 大头 时间: 2008-12-28 00:32:12 标题: 魔方1980

Packaging of Rubik's Cube, Toy of the year 1980- Ideal Toy Corp 1980, Made in Hungary.

Sunday, April 13, 2008Rubik's Cube History

Bűvös Kocka - Magic Cube.

Erno Rubik, a lecturer in the Department of Interior Design at the Academy of Applied Arts and Crafts in Budapest, Hungary, was passionately interested in geometry - the study of 3D forms - in construction and in exploring the hidden possibilities of combinations of forms and material in theory and in practice.

Rubik’s favourite teaching method was to communicate his ideas using models, made from paper, cardboard, wood or plastic, challenging his students to experiment by manipulating clearly constructed and easily interpreted forms. It was the realisation that even the simplest elements, cleverly duplicated and manipulated, yielded an abundance of multiple forms that would eventually lead to the Rubik's Cube.

Rubik set out to create a three dimensional object, of high aesthetic value, which was not only richer in configuration variations and more of a mental challenge than any puzzle in existence, but would also continue to be one, self-contained whole, throughout its manifold transformations.

This objective at first seemed absolutely impossible. After conceiving the idea of the 3x3x3 Cube, Rubik first tried to hold together the elements of a simpler, 2x2x2 cube, by means of an elastic rubber construction that threaded its way through all 8 elements. But he simply could not get the device to work.

Inspiration struck on a sunny summer day in 1974 as Rubik was watching the River Danube flow by. His eyes were attracted by some pebbles, whose sharp edges have been rubbed and smoothed away in the course of time, producing rounded shapes of great but simple beauty. He decided that the interior of the Cube elements had to have the same rounded form.

The interior mechanism, which is basically cylindrical, took some time to construct. For ease of manipulation, the balance between tightness and looseness had to be just right, tolerances had to be exact. Finally, the fifty-four outer surfaces of the individual elements were given their colours.

Lots of different decorative patterns, with numbers and symbols as well as diverse colour combinations were tried, but none of them worked as well as six simple but distinct colours, one for each face of the Cube.

Erno Rubik demonstrated the Cube to his students. He allowed some of his friends and students to play with it and the effect was startling: once somebody had handled the Cube it was difficult to get them to give it back! People found the Cube absolutely compelling right from the very beginning.

The compulsive interest of friends and students in the Cube surprised Erno Rubik a great deal, and it was months before any thought was given to the possibility of having it manufactured for sale.

Rubik took out a Hungarian patent for the Cube in 1975 - he named it "Bűvös Kocka" - "Magic Cube". Eventually, toy production firm Politechnika took on the job of equipping itself for mass production and making the puzzle available to the Hungarian public.

Given the complex interior structure of the Cube, and the economic conditions in Communist Hungary, this was no easy undertaking. Fortunately, Politechnika, President Lehel Takacz and Chief Engineer Ferencz Manczur saw tremendous potential in the Cube and were happy to accept the challenge.

The process of turning Rubik’s hand-made Cube into thousands of low cost, mass manufactured units was, however, despite the best efforts of all concerned, painfully slow.

It took almost three years, but at last, towards the end of 1977, the first test batches of Magic Cubes appeared on the shelves of Budapest toyshops.

During 1978, without any promotion or publicity, the Magic Cube began very slowly to gain in popularity. By the beginning of 1979, there was growing interest in the Magic Cube throughout Hungary.

Hungary was firmly “behind the Iron Curtain” at the time and the growing popularity of the Cube did not permeate the Western World for quite some time.

Two men of Hungarian origin living in the West were absolutely integral in initiating events which eventually enabled the Cube to make the journey from behind the Curtain.

Dr Tibor Laczi, born in Budapest, was employed by a major German computer manufacturer and discovered the Magic Cube on a business trip to Hungary. He was absolutely fascinated by it, and sensing its potential consumer appeal, brought it to the Nuremberg Toy Fair in February 1979 in the hope of finding an interested German toy distributor. He was unsuccessful, but met up with an individual at the fair who was also destined to make a crucial impact on the Cube’s history.

Tom Kremer was a successful and respected toy and game inventor himself and ran his own marketing and licensing company, Seven Towns Ltd, in London, England.

The two men made a decision, there and then, to join forces and try to reproduce the Hungarian success of the Cube internationally.

Dr Laczi went back to Hungary to set to work on the prevailing Hungarian bureaucracy whilst Tom Kremer set off on a world tour of toy manufacturers.

He was convinced that to realise the Magic Cube's full commercial potential it had to have the marketing muscle, the promotional power and distribution network of a major international company. Unfortunately he found none of the movers and shakers in the field shared his enthusiasm. Although impressed by the Cube, the general view within the industry was that its prospects were poor. It was too difficult to manufacture, too “quiet” and “cerebral”.

After many rejections, Tom Kremer succeeded in persuading Stewart Sims, Vice President of marketing at the Ideal Toy Corporation, to come to Hungary to see the Magic Cube in its homeland. It was September 1979, by which time the Cube had gained a sufficient degree of popularity to be seen out and about on the streets of Hungary occasionally - and it was immediately plain that the puzzle was a source of absolute fascination.

After five days of negotiations between Mr Sims and the Communist organisation, which was largely ignorant of the operation of a free market, with Tibor Laczi and Tom Kremer working flat out to keep the negotiations afloat, an order for one million cubes was signed.

As the New Year of 1980 loomed, the Magic Cube was at last heading for wide-spread distribution in the West.

In the meantime, word about the Magic Cube had been spreading to academic circles in the Western World. David Singmaster, a mathematician based at the South Bank University in London, England, first encountered the puzzle at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Helsinki in August 1978, and brought some to England for distribution amongst interested friends and colleagues, mainly in academic circles.

He wrote a newspaper article about the Magic Cube in June 1979, the first to appear outside Hungary, which helped bring the puzzle to the attention of academic circles world wide.

A small number of Magic Cubes had found their way beyond Hungarian borders, but the vast majority of people in the West remained ignorant of the puzzle’s existence.

Bridget Last wrote "A Simple Approach To The Magic Cube" in 1980 - and it was published by Tarquin Publications of Diss, Norfolk. Was this the first Cube book published in England? Meanwhile, Pentangle, puzzle specialists of Over Wallop, Hants, imported small numbers of Magic Cubes. But nobody could guess what would happen next!

The Magic Cube made its international debut at the toy fairs of London, Paris, Nuremberg and New York in January and February 1980. Erno Rubik was on hand to demonstrate his creation, and the Cube made an immediate impression on trade buyers.

Orders came in thick and fast, but there was one major problem - the Hungarian Cubes did not conform to Western quality standards and packaging norms. Drastic changes were needed in the manufacturing process. The implementation of these changes was slow.

Finally a new, lighter Cube, easier to manipulate than before, emerged.

Ideal Toys decided to rename the Magic Cube. "The Gordian Knot" and “Inca Gold" were considered, but the company finally decided on “Rubik’s Cube” - simple, distinctive and giving credit where it was due. The first Rubik's Cubes were exported from Hungary in May 1980.

One of the first Rubik's Cubes - Toy of The Year 1980 and 1981 in the UK. The first consignment arrived here just before Christmas 1980 and the British association Of Toy Retailers, noting the intense interest in the product, voted it top toy. A shortage in supplies resulted in many cheap imitations appearing. The country was finally fully stocked with Rubik's Cubes in the spring of 1981.

[ 本帖最后由大头于 2008-12-28 00:47 编辑 ]

附件: 1980-Rubiks-Cube.jpg (2008-12-28 00:32:12, 18.07 KB) / 下载次数 4
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作者: whnap 时间: 2008-12-28 00:36:41

这个是什么版本啊？怎么不是纸盒子啊？楼主怎么不介绍详细点啊？

作者: warming 时间: 2008-12-28 00:39:13

LZ翻译一下嘛``

作者: ursace 时间: 2008-12-28 01:23:33

这帖好，一个中国字没有

作者: Lonely_7X 时间: 2008-12-28 07:24:31

看得頭昏。有沒有人幫忙翻譯一下啊

作者: carloshn123 时间: 2008-12-28 08:40:00

难道是第一代魔方？哪里有得买？？？

作者: 木瓜 时间: 2008-12-28 09:24:15

大头现在在美国？尽搞洋文！汗
就那几张图片看懂了！这和智商没关系吧？

作者: 魔鱼儿 时间: 2008-12-28 10:21:26

这么老的版本啊,大头翻译下啊

作者: 轩辕剑宇 时间: 2008-12-28 10:36:25

哎，英文不够好，看不太懂啊，慢慢研究

作者: 大头 时间: 2008-12-28 11:10:09

翻译很麻烦，既要传神还要保持原意，大概看一下
这是1980年Ideal toy产的魔方，用圆筒盒子包装的，下面部分是一个外国人写的关于魔方的历史。

作者: 3X6 时间: 2008-12-28 12:45:40

用Google直译的..
包装的魔方，玩具每年的1980 -理想的玩具公司1 980年，在匈牙利制造。

1980年Rubiks - Cube.jpg （ 18.07 kB ，英语）

2008年12月28日00:32

星期日， 4月13日， 2008Rubik魔方历史
Bűvös科卡-魔方。

Erno魔方，系讲师室内设计学院应用艺术与工艺在匈牙利的布达佩斯，是充满激情的几何感兴趣-研究三维形式-在建设和探索隐藏的可能性组合的形式和材料在理论和实践。

魔方最喜爱的教学方法是沟通他的想法使用模式，从纸张，纸板，木材或塑料，具有挑战性的他的学生实验的操作清楚地建造和容易解释的形式。这是变现，即使最简单的元素，巧妙地重复和操纵，取得了丰富的多形式，最终将导致的魔方。

魔方规定了建立一个三维物体，高度审美价值，它不仅是丰富的配置变化和更大的心理挑战比任何存在的难题，而且也将继续成为一个独立的整体，其整个多方面的变革。

这个目标在第一似乎绝对不可能的。经过酝酿的想法3x3x3立方体，魔方首次尝试维系的内容简单， 2x2x2立方体，通过弹性橡胶建设，多线程的方式通过所有8个要素。但他根本无法获得该设备的工作。

启示击中阳光明媚的夏日在1974年作为魔方观看多瑙河流量。他的眼睛吸引了一些鹅卵石，其锋利一直摩擦和平滑以外随着时间的推移，生产圆形状的伟大，但简单的美感。他决定，内部的立方体元素都必须有相同四舍五入的形式。

内部机制，基本上是圆柱形，花了一些时间来建造。为便于操作，两者之间的平衡紧张和松弛，必须恰到好处，公差必须准确。最后， 54外表面的各个部分是因为它们的颜色。

许多不同的装饰图案，与数字和符号，以及各种不同肤色的组合进行了审判，但没有他们的工作，以及6个简单，但不同的颜色，每一个面临的立方体。

Erno魔方立方体表明他的学生。他不允许他的一些朋友和学生发挥它的影响是惊人的：一旦有人处理立方，很难让他们给它回来了！人们发现了令人信服的立方体绝对权从一开始。

强迫兴趣的朋友和学生的立方体魔方惊讶Erno了大量，这是几个月前的想法是考虑到可能有它制造出售。

魔方拿出匈牙利的专利，并于1975年立方体-他命名为“ B űvös科卡” - “魔方”。最终，玩具生产企业Politechnika了关于就业的装备本身的大规模生产，使之谜提供给匈牙利公众。

鉴于复杂的内部结构的立方体，和经济条件共产主义匈牙利，这不是一项容易的工作。幸运的是， Politechnika总统Lehel Takacz和总工程师Ferencz Manczur看到潜力巨大的立方体，并高兴地接受这一挑战。

这一进程的转折点魔术手立方到数以千计的低成本，大规模制造的单位，然而，尽管尽了最大努力的有关各方，痛苦的缓慢。

花了近三年来，但在去年，对1977年年底，第一次测试批次的魔术立方体出现在货架上的布达佩斯toyshops 。

在1978年，在没有任何推广或宣传，魔术立方体开始非常缓慢地受到用户的欢迎。到1979年年初，人们越来越关心魔方整个匈牙利。

匈牙利坚定地“背后的铁幕”的时间和日益普及的立方体没有渗透到西方世界相当长的一段时间。

两名匈牙利血统生活在西方国家是绝对不可分割的发起活动，最终使立方体，使旅程从后面的帷幕。

蒂博尔Laczi博士，出生在布达佩斯，是受雇于一家德国主要的电脑制造商，并发现了魔方出差到匈牙利。他是绝对迷上了它，遥感其潜在消费者呼吁，把它的纽伦堡玩具展览会在1979年2月，希望找到一个感兴趣的德国玩具的分销商。他是不成功的，但会见了个人在公平谁也注定要作出至关重要的影响立方的历史。

汤姆克莱默是一次成功和尊重的玩具和游戏的发明者本人和他经营自己的营销和授权公司， 7个乡镇有限公司，在伦敦，英国。

这两名男子作出了决定，然后，加入军队并尝试重现匈牙利成功的国际立方。

博士Laczi回到匈牙利着手对匈牙利官僚主义盛行，而汤姆克雷默抵消了世界巡演的玩具制造商。

他深信，以实现魔方充分的商业潜力已经拥有的市场营销力量，宣传力量和销售网络的一个主要的国际公司。不幸的是，他没有发现的推动者和热点领域分享他的热情。虽然留下了深刻的印象立方，一般认为在工业，其前景十分贫困。这是很难制造，过于“安静”和“脑” 。

经过多次拒收，汤姆克雷默成功说服斯图尔特冼，负责营销的副总裁的理想玩具公司，来匈牙利看到魔方在其家园。这是1979年9月，当时的立方体获得了足够程度的受欢迎程度被认为和有关的街道上偶尔匈牙利-它被立即平原的难题是一个来源的绝对魅力。

经过五天的谈判，冼先生和共产党组织，主要是无知的行动自由市场，蒂博尔Laczi和汤姆克雷默工作单位，以保持谈判的海上，是为了100万立方签署。

随着新年的1980年面临的魔方终于走向广泛分布在西部。

与此同时，只字不提魔方已经蔓延到学术界在西方世界。大卫Singmaster ，数学家设在南岸大学在伦敦，英国，首先遇到的难题在国际数学家大会在赫尔辛基1978年8月，并带来了一些英格兰之间的分配感兴趣的朋友和同事，主要是在学术界。

他写了一篇报纸文章的魔方在1979年6月，第一次出现境外匈牙利，这有助于使拼图的注意，学术界世界各地。

人数不多的魔术立方体发现其超越匈牙利边界，但绝大多数人在西方仍然一无所知难题的存在。

布里吉特最后写道： “一种简单的方法来魔方”在1980年-这是T arquin出版的出版物的迪斯，诺福克。这是第一本书出版立方体在英格兰？与此同时， Pentangle ，拼图专家在沃洛普， Hants ，进口少量的魔术立方体。但是，没有人会猜会发生什么未来！

魔术立方体作出了首次亮相国际玩具展览会在伦敦，巴黎，纽伦堡和纽约在1月和1980年2月。 Erno魔方是一方面表现出他的创作，以及立方体立即印象贸易买家。

订单厚和快速，但有一个重大问题-匈牙利立方体不符合西方的质量标准和包装规范。急剧变化，需要在制造过程中。实施这些变化是缓慢的。

最后一个新的，较轻的立方体，更容易操作比以往任何时候出现。

理想玩具决定命名魔方。 “快刀斩乱麻”和“黄金印”进行了审议，但该公司最终决定在“魔方” -简单，独特，使信用在那里是因为。第一魔方的立方体是由匈牙利出口在1 980年5月。

第一个魔方的立方体-玩具奖1 980年和1 981年在英国。第一批抵达这里圣诞节前1980年和英国结盟的玩具零售商，指出了浓厚的兴趣，产品，投它顶端的玩具。由于缺乏供应造成了许多廉价的仿制品出现。该国终于被完全摆放着魔术立方体在1981年春天。

作者: kexin_xiao 时间: 2008-12-28 13:26:46

大头发的好贴!

作者: 檰誮餹 时间: 2008-12-28 20:15:18

根本看不懂......

作者: yuanxy 时间: 2008-12-29 08:25:55

那个猴子比较搞

作者: 笑而忘书 时间: 2008-12-29 08:36:55

是意味着你有这个魔方不？

作者: whw5555 时间: 2008-12-29 17:42:52

没有看懂呀不会英文

作者: 344640623 时间: 2008-12-30 21:51:09

看来
魔方和英语都很重要

作者: 食叶虫 时间: 2008-12-31 08:08:19

还是老LOGO好看啊~~~~

作者: 食叶虫 时间: 2008-12-31 08:09:02 标题: 回复 11# 的帖子

这翻译好恐怖啊~~~~

作者: cyz 时间: 2008-12-31 12:17:39

好复杂好复杂的好复杂

作者: ZJY 时间: 2009-1-1 17:55:32

这是R的魔方吗？放到现在估计升值不少哦

作者: 夙之夜神 时间: 2009-1-1 18:01:11

看不懂... 搞什么高.....

作者: 花太郎 时间: 2009-1-1 21:19:21

忽忽~图片不错~文字介绍的也很丰富多彩，生动活泼（虽然啥也没看懂吧）

作者: dorothea 时间: 2009-1-2 11:14:40

额,大头这英文贴看得我头大啊

作者: Xwam 时间: 2009-1-2 17:18:56

古董魔方,看不懂.

作者: snowchou 时间: 2009-2-24 15:14:57

希望以后发外文资料都给个原始出处链接。

作者: snowchou 时间: 2009-2-24 15:15:40

这帖子感觉最好的地方就是——没有打论坛的水印，图片看着那叫一个爽！

作者: juventus66 时间: 2009-5-14 23:09:40

绝对古董了

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